For Educators

What Is Vibe Coding?

How AI changed software — and why it matters for your classroom

"Vibe Coding"

A way of building software where you describe what you want in plain English and let AI write the code for you. You focus on the idea — the "vibe" — and AI handles the technical details. The term was coined by AI researcher Andrej Karpathy in February 2025.

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2022
2022

The Year AI Learned to Code

AI goes from a research project to something anyone can use. It feels like magic.

ChatGPT Changes Everything
November 2022

ChatGPT launches and for the first time, anyone can have a conversation with AI and get working code back. The workflow was simple: copy your code into a chat, ask AI to fix it, then paste the answer back. It felt magical, even if it was slow.

AI Autocomplete Arrives
2022

Tools like GitHub Copilot start predicting the next few lines of code as you type — like autocomplete on steroids. Programmers start hitting Tab more than they type.

2022 at a Glance
Developer Role Author
Trust Model Copy-Paste
AI-Written Code 0%
AI-Written Code ~1% Baseline
2023
2023

AI Gets Better, Fast

AI becomes a helpful sidekick. It's useful, but you still have to double-check everything.

AI Gets Smarter
March 2023

The next generation of AI models arrives with much better reasoning. AI can now solve complex problems, write more reliable code, and accept much larger inputs — entire documents, not just small snippets.

The Junior Helper

People treat AI like a helpful but unreliable assistant. You still have to check everything it gives you, line by line. Trust is low — but the potential is obvious.

2023 at a Glance
Developer Role Reviewer
Trust Model Line-by-line
AI-Written Code 0%
AI-Written Code 1% ~5%
2024
2024

AI Sees the Big Picture

The era of "The Shift." AI tools start understanding entire projects and automating multi-step tasks.

AI Can Hold Entire Projects
2024

AI tools can now understand entire projects at once — not just a snippet you paste in. You can point AI at a whole website or app and it understands how all the pieces connect.

From Writing to Directing
Mid 2024

AI tools move beyond simple chat — they start generating live previews of websites and apps. People shift from writing code themselves to directing what AI builds. The role is changing.

2024 at a Glance
Developer Role Orchestrator
Trust Model Partial Trust
AI-Written Code 0%
AI-Written Code 5% ~25%
2025
2025

The Year of Vibe Coding

People stop writing code and start describing what they want. AI does the rest.

"Vibe Coding" Is Born
February 2025

AI researcher Andrej Karpathy coins the term "Vibe Coding" — a way of building software where you describe what you want in plain English, accept what AI gives you, and fix issues by pasting error messages back. You barely touch the keyboard.

AI Tools Explode
2025

Tools like Cursor, Windsurf, and Claude let you build entire features in plain language. Competition drives prices down and quality up — making these tools accessible to everyone. Some don't even show a code editor anymore, just a dashboard of what AI is building for you.

2025 at a Glance
Developer Role Director
Trust Model "Accept All"
AI-Written Code 0%
AI-Written Code 25% ~85%

— Andrej Karpathy, February 2025

0%
of code in new tech startups is now written by AI, not humans. The way software gets built has fundamentally changed.
2026
2026

Where We Are Now

AI builds most of the code. The human role is deciding what to build and whether to trust the result.

The Productivity Trap
Early 2026

AI coding tools are powerful but not perfect. It feels incredibly productive to generate tons of code, but relying too heavily on AI without understanding the output can create fragile software. Learning to spot what AI gets wrong is a new essential skill.

From Vibe Coding to Vibe Engineering

The casual approach matures. People learn to be more intentional — giving AI clear instructions and checking its work at key points. The latest tools handle entire tasks on their own: reading your project, writing files, testing, and saving results. You describe the goal, and AI does the rest.

2026 at a Glance
Developer Role Manager
Trust Model Process-as-Code
AI-Written Code 0%
AI-Written Code 85% ~90%
Summary

How It All Changed

Traditional Coding
Vibe Coding (2025)
Vibe Engineering (2026)
What You Do
Type code by hand
Describe what you want
Manage AI workers
Key Skill
Knowing a programming language
Writing good prompts
Reviewing & guiding AI output
Tools
Code editors
AI-powered editors
AI dashboards
What Gets Built
One function at a time
Whole features & prototypes
Complete projects
Your Role
The writer
The director
The manager